Characterization
Mineralogy, liberation, associations, particle size, oxidation, clays and problematic elements.

We start with the ore, not with a preferred flowsheet. Our approach is to understand the mineral first, then build the processing route around its actual characteristics, recovery behaviour and commercial objective.
We treat characterization, testwork, flowsheet, operating control, product quality and commercial readiness as one system. Improving one metric while ignoring the others can destroy value.
Mineralogy, liberation, associations, particle size, oxidation, clays and problematic elements.
Gravity, flotation, leach or other tests according to mineral response and the target product.
Sequence of size reduction, concentration, cleaning, thickening, filtration and recycle management.
Mass and metal balances, sampling, QA/QC, recoveries, grades, moisture and reconciliation.
Target grade, mass pull, impurities, moisture, stability and commercial specification.
Connect metallurgical performance to buyer, payables, penalties, logistics and net value.
We keep the received lot linked to the crushing or grinding batch, blend, packed product and export lot so material identity is not lost as the ore moves through the process.